MAGRABi, Rivoli Vision announce merger in shake-up for Middle East eyewear market

Exclusive MAGRABi, Rivoli Vision announce merger in shake-up for Middle East eyewear market
Ramesh Prabhakar, vice chairman and managing partner of Rivoli Group, with Amin Magrabi, chairman of MAGRABi Retail Group. Supplied
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Updated 25 September 2024
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MAGRABi, Rivoli Vision announce merger in shake-up for Middle East eyewear market

MAGRABi, Rivoli Vision announce merger in shake-up for Middle East eyewear market
  • MAGRABi will take over 89 Rivoli Vision stores across the UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain
  • Expansion is accompanied by a robust investment strategy aimed at enhancing the end-to-end customer experience

RIYADH: The Middle East’s eyewear market is set to be reshaped by a merger between MAGRABi Retail Group and Rivoli Vision which will see a focus on innovation and customer experience.

According to Amin Magrabi, chairman of MAGRABi Retail Group, the deal will see store concepts integrated with digital platforms to offer a comprehensive range across luxury, premium, and mainstream segments.

MAGRABi will take over 89 Rivoli Vision stores across the UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, expanding the firm’s footprint to seven countries and over 290 locations by the end of 2024.

A perfect fit for the future

Speaking to Arab News, Magrabi described the creation of the MAGRABi-Rivoli Enterprise as “a very exciting announcement for us.” 

He added: “The industry is maturing, and as industries mature, scale becomes important. We have been in discussions for a while, looking for the perfect fit, and I truly believe that Rivoli Vision is a perfect fit for us in terms of the brand, the banner they bring, Rivoli EyeZone, the culture, the team, and the location.”

Magrabi highlighted that the synergy between the two companies is grounded in their shared vision for the future of the industry. 

He underscored the significance of aligning in vision and culture, emphasizing that success hinges on a mutual understanding of the industry, a complementary approach, and a shared commitment to enhancing customer experience.

Ramesh Prabhakar, vice chairman and managing partner of Rivoli Group, said in a press release: “MAGRABi is the ideal partner to form this joint enterprise, positioning us as the top eyewear retailers in key geographies and economic centers of the Middle East.”

Magrabi also pointed out that both companies’ shareholders share a unified perspective on the future, making their collaboration with Rivoli Vision and MAGRABi Retail Group both effective and harmonious.




MAGRABi will have a presence in seven countries and over 290 locations by the end of 2024. Shutterstock

A future-ready investment strategy

The expansion is accompanied by a robust investment strategy aimed at enhancing the end-to-end customer experience. 

“With the additional network and scale that comes with it, it obviously allows us to further invest and to increase our investments in enhancing the end-to-end customer experience, both offline and online,” Magrabi shared.

Yasser Taher, CEO of MAGRABi Retail Group, also shared his perspective on the merger’s financial and operational impact, emphasizing the anticipated growth and strategic advantages. 

“The newly merged entity is expected to deliver double-digit revenue growth and high double-digit EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) growth, from identified synergies, during the period from 2025 – 2027,” Taher said.

He further elaborated on the operational strategies post-merger, saying: “We expect the integration timeline plan to be completed within a period of 15 months after closing. The synergy realization plan will overlap with the integration plan and should be completed over a period of 24 months.”

Completion of the transaction remains subject to satisfaction of commercial and regulatory conditions.

Taher also gave details about a “new headless online platform” which will see customers engage with the company on any platform at any time, from any place. 

He went on: “They can click and collect from the store or get it delivered to their house. They can hold products in the store, book their eye tests, and do all this through the website or the app on their phone.”

MAGRABi Retail Group has already committed to substantial investments in digital transformation and store enhancements, with annual expenditures exceeding SR100 million ($26.6 million) over the past three years. 

Magrabi expects these numbers to increase significantly in the coming years, reinforcing the company’s position as a leader in the region’s eyewear market.

“We will carry on making those investments, and they will obviously increase, not insignificantly above what we have been doing previously,” the chairman said.

He also discussed the strategic improvements expected in supply chain and inventory management due to the merger. 

He said: “The scale of the new entity will enable higher investment into supply chain automation, including further investment in our manufacturing facilities, warehouse operations, our central glazing lab network, and last-mile delivery fulfillment.”

Magrabi added that the impact will be measured through a more efficient supply chain, faster lead time delivery customers, improved costs, and an optimized inventory value.




Amin Magrabi, chairman of MAGRABi Retail Group. Supplied

Strategic market leadership

The merger is also set to strengthen the Group’s strategic positioning across the Middle East.

Magrabi said: “Our three-year strategy plan from 2025 to 2027 is really to focus on how we can establish leadership across all seven countries we now operate in. We plan to carry on our leadership position in the region.”

The firm’s approach to market segmentation is clear.

“As this market matures, there will be segmentation in the market. From our perspective, we’ve segmented the market into four segments: luxury, premium, mainstream, and value. Our intention is to focus on luxury, premium, and mainstream,” Magrabi added.

He went on to say that these three segments cover about 60 percent of the population and about 80 percent of the market size. 

“We intend to tackle these segments with multiple banners and customer propositions. For example, MAGRABi focuses on the luxury segment, the MAGRABi banner, and the retail chain, while Rivoli EyeZone is a premium banner,” the chairman said.

Taher highlighted the anticipated growth in digital sales, which is a key part of their strategy, saying: “We are expecting a 50 percent year-on-year increase in online sales, every year within the period from 2025 – 2027.”

An institutionalization journey

As MAGRABi Retail Group continues to grow, the company is also committed to institutionalizing its operations and governance.

Magrabi highlighted the importance of this journey, saying: “We behave and run the organization as if it’s a listed company. That is the key objective of shareholders and the board. We have a new board with six independent board directors, subcommittees, a new governance framework, and an upgraded enterprise-wide platform.”

He added: “We are ready to access public markets, whether they be equity or bond markets. However, the final decision as to when we will access those markets has not been taken so far by the shareholders and the board.”

Commitment to ESG and industry standards

The Group’s commitment to environmental, social, and governance principles is central to its long-term strategy. 

The company has taken significant steps to embed these into its operations, with the recent addition of an ESG expert to its board.

“ESG is something that’s core and central to us,” Magrabi said. “We are finalizing our ESG framework and strategy for the next three years.”

One of the key areas of focus is raising industry standards, a commitment exemplified by the establishment of the MAGRABi Optical Academy in Saudi Arabia.

“We’ve partnered with universities for the optometry programs, supporting graduates and raising the standard of opticians and optometrists in Saudi Arabia. This is a program we’d like to bring across the Middle East and the region,” Magrabi stated.

Additionally, the company is focused on circular programs aimed at refurbishing products and maintaining responsible supply chains, alongside continued efforts to provide access to eye care and eyewear for those less fortunate.

“We will carry on investing in these areas, and this merger will empower and accelerate these initiatives,” he added.

A stronger, united future

The integration of Rivoli Vision into MAGRABi Retail Group brings together not just complementary networks and products, but also a shared culture and values.

“Over the last five years, they (Rivoli) have built an amazing organization, which is a great fit for us. They built a fantastic brand, a great network, and most importantly, they have a great team and management. We’re very excited to bring that management within our organization,” Magrabi said.

Looking ahead, MAGRABi Retail Group is optimistic about the journey ahead. The company’s CEO said the market is maturing, and the time is right for this transformation.

“We’re super happy that Rivoli Vision has decided to join us on this journey. This is the start, and I think others will want to join what we are doing,” Magrabi said.

He added: “This transformation is an industry-wide shift, and it’s not just customers calling for this; our developers, vendors, and insurance partners have all expressed a need for differentiated banners and propositions.”

MAGRABi Retail Group’s transformation is far from over, according to the chairman, who said: “This is only the beginning.”

He added: “As one of our values states: ‘We earn our wins, we share our wins, together we see our growth multiply.’ So, I invite our customers, vendors, and partners to join us. This is a very exciting time.”


Saudi PIF on track to reach $2tn in AuM, 2nd-largest globally by 2030

Saudi PIF on track to reach $2tn in AuM, 2nd-largest globally by 2030
Updated 49 sec ago
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Saudi PIF on track to reach $2tn in AuM, 2nd-largest globally by 2030

Saudi PIF on track to reach $2tn in AuM, 2nd-largest globally by 2030

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund is set to be ranked second among the world’s sovereign wealth bodies by 2030 with $2 trillion in assets under management, according to monitoring organization Global SWF.

A report from the firm forecasts PIF will more than double its current AuM value of $925 billion by the end of the decade, and rise from its 2024 ranking of sixth among global state-owned investor funds.

According to projections from the institute, PIF’s AuM in 2030 will represent 10.5 percent of the global sovereign wealth funds’ total assets, which are set to reach $19 trillion, as it rises from sixth place

Diego Lopez, founder and managing director at Global SWF, said: “Capital attracts capital — so international financial institutions are attracted in partnering with a player with such a huge balance sheet and role in the economic development.”

According to the report, to achieve its ambitious goal of reaching $2 trillion by 2030, the PIF will depend on a combination of strategies. These include oil revenue allocations, which refer to the portion of the Kingdom’s oil earnings transferred to the PIF, debt issuance, and returns generated from its investments.

“Saudi Arabia needs to make its capital base sustainable, diversified and resilient to lower levels of oil prices,” Lopez told Arab News.

“That means raising debt, as PIF has been doing, and eventually raising equity through subsidiaries that can act as asset managers — we see this working very well in Abu Dhabi with Mubadala Capital, Lunate, etc,” he added.

According to the report, the PIF’s 10-year annualized return from 2013 to 2022 stood at 6.9 percent, outperforming the sovereign wealth fund average of 5.7 percent annually.

In 2024, the global economy showed resilience despite geopolitical risks and market uncertainties, with global GDP growth projected at 3.2 percent, slightly improving to 3.3 percent in 2025, according to the OECD.

The International Monetary Fund forecasts a subdued five-year outlook of 3.1 percent, reflecting weaker growth in China, Latin America, and the EU. Developed markets are facing slower growth due to tightening monetary policies, while developing economies maintain greater stability.

Central banks, led by the US Federal Reserve, began easing rates in 2024, responding to reduced inflationary pressures. According to the report, as the global economy adapts, sovereign wealth funds are increasingly focused on capital preservation and stimulating foreign direct investment, with those in the Middle East and North Africa region entering a new phase of growth.

Saudi Arabia offers robust economic expansion fueled by diversification initiatives and ambitious mega-projects like NEOM, the Red Sea Project, and Qiddiya.  

PIF’s investments are strategically positioned to capitalize on these high-growth areas, making it a gateway for investors seeking exposure to dynamic emerging market opportunities.

GCC sees greater international attention

According to the report, global sovereign wealth funds have, for the first time, surpassed $13 trillion in assets under management, with capital heavily concentrated in two key regions — the Gulf Cooperation Council, holding 38 percent of the total, and Southeast Asia at 10 percent.

Interest in these powerful global investors remains strong, the report said, drawing heightened international attention to the GCC, a region with fewer than 60 million residents.

Previously named the “Region of the Year” by Global SWF, the GCC has seen a wave of global asset managers and bankers establishing local offices to capitalize on burgeoning opportunities. According to the report, the GCC-Southeast Asia axis is expected to continue driving growth across the sovereign wealth landscape.

PIF represented 7.11 percent of MENA’s sovereign wealth funds’ AuM, with assets totaling $925 billion. 

Leading the rankings is Abu Dhabi Investment Authority at $1.11 trillion, followed by Kuwait Investment Authority with $969 billion.

Global sovereign wealth fund investments totaled $136.1 billion across 358 transactions in 2024. The “Oil Five” — ADIA, ADQ, PIF, QIA, and Mubadala — maintained their dominance, together accounting for 60 percent of the total investment value, amounting to $82 billion. As a result, they secured positions among the top 19 dealmakers of the year.

This marks a significant rise from $74 billion in both 2023 and 2022, $41 billion in 2021, $39 billion in 2020, and $28 billion in 2019, reflecting the accelerating investment momentum of these sovereign wealth giants.

While some Gulf sovereign wealth funds leaned toward emerging markets, including their domestic economies, developed markets remained the dominant choice for most global sovereign investors.

Saudi Arabia’s PIF, Abu Dhabi’s ADQ, and Qatar’s QIA exhibited a preference for emerging markets, reflecting their strategic focus on regional and high-growth economies.

PIF investments

According to the report, a significant factor driving the PIF’s growth is its projected boost in domestic spending to $70 billion annually by 2025.

The fund’s investment strategy is focused on high-growth sectors, including infrastructure, digitalization, AI, and renewable energy.

Among the top 15 largest global investments by sovereign wealth funds in 2024 was PIF’s $3 billion acquisition of a 51 percent stake in Saudi Arabia’s TAWAL and $2.16 billion of a 40 percent stake in Selfridges in the UK.

Other significant investments for the PIF include a 15 percent stake in Heathrow Airport for $1.8 billion.

According to the institute, the largest deals are consistently pursued by a select group of funds known for their substantial firepower and risk appetite. This group includes the top 10 spenders, with the GCC’s “Big 5” leading the way.

Mubadala emerged as the leading sovereign investor in 2024, deploying $29.2 billion across 52 deals, a 67 percent increase from the previous year. It was followed by GIC at $26.6 billion, CPP with $21.1 billion, PIF at $19.9 billion, and ADIA at $17.1 billion.

PIF has also ventured into artificial intelligence and space, co-investing in Databricks and launching Neo Space Group to advance Saudi Arabia’s satellite industry.

These initiatives reflect the fund’s commitment to positioning Saudi Arabia as a leader in global digital and technological innovation.

PIF saw a 24 percent decline in its US equity portfolio, the report said. At the beginning of 2024, the fund sold shares in 18 companies worth nearly $13 billion, including pandemic-era investments like gaming giant Activision Blizzard, cruise leader Carnival, and entertainment company Live Nation, which yielded strong returns.

According to Lopez: “The sale of the listed equities was about monetizing a huge upside from their purchase during covid, rather than about decreasing the overseas portfolio.”

The expert noted the importance to recognize that while PIF’s domestic portfolio may be growing relative to its international holdings, the overall assets under management continue to expand, with significant investments being made outside the Kingdom.

PIF has also made significant investments in the electric vehicle sector, despite facing challenges with earlier ventures.

In 2019, PIF divested from Tesla but doubled down on Lucid Motors, placing a major bet on the EV manufacturer.

This strategic move has required substantial funding, including $2.8 billion in 2024 alone. Despite the financial commitment, PIF remains focused on its long-term vision for Saudi Arabia, supporting Lucid’s growth with a manufacturing facility in King Abdullah Economic City.

In January, Lucid Motors became the first global automotive company to join the Kingdom’s “Made in Saudi” program, reinforcing the country’s push to strengthen its industrial capabilities.

The program also supports Vision 2030’s goals of attracting investments, boosting non-oil exports, and creating sustainable jobs, while positioning Saudi Arabia as a hub for innovation and manufacturing in the EV sector.

PIF’s debt financing

On Jan. 6, PIF announced the completion of its inaugural $7 billion murabaha credit facility, supported by a syndicate of 20 international and regional financial institutions.

This Shariah-compliant financing structure is part of the fund’s medium-term capital raising strategy, aimed at diversifying its funding sources to support transformative investments both globally and within Saudi Arabia.

According to another report published by Global SWF in January, PIF’s use of debt financing mirrors a growing trend among sovereign wealth funds and public pension funds, which have raised around $700 billion over the past two decades.

Despite strong credit ratings from Moody’s and Fitch, PIF faces pressure from surging domestic investment in giga-projects like NEOM and Qiddiya, with annual funding needs expected to rise from $40 billion in 2023 to $70 billion by 2025.

Sustaining investor confidence will depend on its ability to manage financial obligations and execute Vision 2030 goals.

While markets currently support PIF’s sovereign-backed debt, delays or disruptions could strain resources and affect its ambitious agenda, making its financing strategy critical for both national economic transformation and global sovereign investment trends.

However, PIF’s diversified funding strategy, coupled with its ability to attract global partnerships, positions it as a transformative force capable of reshaping Saudi Arabia’s economic future and reinforcing its role as a leading driver of global investment innovation.


Oil Updates — crude set for 3rd straight weekly gain on winter fuel demand

Oil Updates — crude set for 3rd straight weekly gain on winter fuel demand
Updated 10 January 2025
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Oil Updates — crude set for 3rd straight weekly gain on winter fuel demand

Oil Updates — crude set for 3rd straight weekly gain on winter fuel demand

LONDON: Oil prices rose in early Asian trade and were on track for a third straight week of gains with icy conditions in parts of the US and Europe driving up fuel demand for heating.

Brent crude futures climbed 69 cents, or 0.9 percent, to $77.61 a barrel at 10:52 a.m. Saudi time. US West Texas Intermediate crude futures gained 66 cents, also up 0.9 percent, to $74.58.

Over the three weeks ending Jan. 10, Brent has advanced 6 percent while WTI has jumped 7 percent.

Analysts at JPMorgan attributed the gains to growing concern over supply disruptions due to tightening sanctions, amid low oil stockpiles, freezing temperatures in many parts of the US and Europe and improving sentiment regarding China’s stimulus measures.

The US weather bureau expects central and eastern parts of the country to experience below-average temperatures. Many regions in Europe have also been hit by extreme cold and will likely continue to experience a colder-than-usual start to the year, which JPMorgan analysts expect to boost demand.

“We anticipate a significant year-over-year increase in global oil demand of 1.6 million barrels a day in the first quarter of 2025, primarily boosted by ... demand for heating oil, kerosene, and LPG,” JPMorgan said in a note on Friday.

Meanwhile, the premium of the front-month Brent contract over the six-month contract reached its widest since August this week, potentially indicating supply tightness at a time of rising demand.

Oil prices have rallied despite the US dollar strengthening for six straight weeks. A stronger dollar typically weighs on prices, as it makes purchases of crude expensive outside the US.

Supplies could be further hit as US President Joe Biden is expected to announce new sanctions targeting Russia’s economy this week in a bid to bolster Ukraine’s war effort against Moscow before President-elect Donald Trump takes office on Jan. 20. A key target of sanctions so far has been Russia’s oil industry.

“Uncertainty over how hawkish Trump will be with Iran will be providing some support. Asian buyers have already been looking for alternative grades from the Middle East, with broader sanctions against Russia and Iran making this oil flow more difficult,” ING analysts said in a note on Friday.


SABIC, Almarai, SEC able to absorb fuel price hike: S&P Global

SABIC, Almarai, SEC able to absorb fuel price hike: S&P Global
Updated 09 January 2025
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SABIC, Almarai, SEC able to absorb fuel price hike: S&P Global

SABIC, Almarai, SEC able to absorb fuel price hike: S&P Global

RIYADH: Major Saudi companies, including chemical company SABIC, dairy firm Almarai, and Saudi Electric Co., are well-positioned to handle the impact of higher fuel and feedstock prices introduced on Jan. 1, according to a new report.

Released by capital market economy firm S&P Global, the analysis reveals that those corporates will be able to absorb the marginal increase in production costs by further improving operational efficiencies as well as potentially via pass-through mechanisms.

This came after Saudi Aramco increased diesel prices in the Kingdom to SR1.66 ($0.44) per liter, effective Jan. 1, marking a 44.3 percent rise compared to the start of 2024. The company has kept gasoline prices unchanged, with Gasoline 91 priced at SR2.18 per liter and Gasoline 93 at SR2.33 per liter.

Despite the hike, diesel prices in Saudi Arabia remain lower than those in many neighboring Arab countries. In the UAE and Qatar, a liter of diesel is priced at $0.73 and $0.56, respectively, while in Bahrain and Kuwait, it costs $0.42 and $0.39 per liter.

“For SABIC and Almarai, the increase in feedstock prices will not affect profitability significantly. In the case of utility company, SEC, additional support will likely come from the government if needed,” the report said.

The capital market economy firm projects that SABIC will continue to outperform global peers on profitability.

“We don’t expect the rise in feedstock and fuel prices to materially affect profitability, since the company estimates it will increase its cost of sales by only 0.2 percent,” the report said.

It further highlighted that SABIC is considered a government-related entity with a high possibility of receiving support when needed.

The report also underlines that Almarai anticipates an additional SR200 million in costs for 2025, driven by higher fuel prices and the indirect effects of increased expenses across other areas of its supply chain.

“We believe Almarai will continue focusing on business efficiency, cost optimization, and other initiatives to mitigate these impacts,” the release stressed.

With regards to SEC, S&P said that an unrestricted and uncapped balancing account provides a mechanism for government support, including related to the higher fuel costs.

“We believe any increased fuel cost will be covered by this balancing account,” the report said.

The study further highlights that the marginal increase “could significantly affect wider Saudi corporations’ profit margins and competitiveness.”

The S&P data also suggests that additional costs will be reflected in companies’ financials from the first quarter of 2025.

“Saudi Arabia is continuing its significant and rapid transformation under the country’s Vision 2030 program. We expect an acceleration of investments to diversify the Saudi economy away from its reliance on the upstream hydrocarbon sector,” the report said.

“The sheer scale of projects — estimated at more than $1 trillion in total — suggests large funding requirements. Higher feedstock and fuel prices would help reduce subsidy costs for the government, with those savings potentially redeployed to Vision 2030 projects,” it added.


Lenovo to produce ‘Saudi Made’ PCs by 2026 following $2bn Alat deal closure

Lenovo to produce ‘Saudi Made’ PCs by 2026 following $2bn Alat deal closure
Updated 09 January 2025
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Lenovo to produce ‘Saudi Made’ PCs by 2026 following $2bn Alat deal closure

Lenovo to produce ‘Saudi Made’ PCs by 2026 following $2bn Alat deal closure

RIYADH: Chinese tech giant Lenovo is set to manufacture millions of computer devices in Saudi Arabia by 2026, following the completion of a $2 billion investment deal with Alat, a subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund. 

First announced in May, the partnership has now received shareholder and regulatory approvals, paving the way for Lenovo to establish a regional headquarters and a manufacturing facility in the Kingdom. 

The deal marks a significant step in aligning Lenovo’s growth ambitions with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals of economic diversification, innovation, and job creation, the company said in a press release. 

The factory will manufacture millions of PCs and servers every year using local research and development teams for fully end-to-end “Saudi Made” products and is expected to begin production by 2026, it added. 

“Through this powerful strategic collaboration and investment, Lenovo will have significant resources and financial flexibility to further accelerate our transformation and grow our business by capitalizing on the incredible growth momentum in KSA and the wider MEA region,” Yang said. 

He added: “We are excited to have Alat as our long-term strategic partner and are confident that our world-class supply chain, technology, and manufacturing capabilities will benefit KSA as it drives its Vision 2030 goals of economic diversification, industrial development, innovation, and job creation.” 

Amit Midha, CEO of Alat, underscored the significance of the partnership for both Lenovo and the Kingdom. 

“We are incredibly proud to become a strategic investor in Lenovo and partner with them on their continued journey as a leading global technology company,” said Midha. 

“With the establishment of a regional headquarters in Riyadh and a world-class manufacturing hub, powered by clean energy, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we expect the Lenovo team to further their potential across the MEA region,” he added. 

The partnership is expected to generate thousands of jobs, strengthen the region’s technological infrastructure, and attract further investment into the Middle East and Africa, according to the press release. 

In May, Lenovo raised $1.15 billion through the issuance of warrants to support its future growth plans. The initiative, which was fully subscribed by investors, signals confidence in Lenovo’s strategic approach and its plans for global expansion. 

The investment deal was advised by Citi and Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton for Lenovo, while Morgan Stanley and Latham & Watkins represented Alat. 


Lebanon’s bonds climb as parliament elects first president since 2022

Lebanon’s bonds climb as parliament elects first president since 2022
Updated 09 January 2025
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Lebanon’s bonds climb as parliament elects first president since 2022

Lebanon’s bonds climb as parliament elects first president since 2022

LONDON: Lebanon’s government bonds extended a three-month long rally on Thursday as its parliament voted in a new head of state for the crisis-ravaged country for the first time since 2022.

Lebanese lawmakers elected army chief Joseph Aoun as president. It came after the failure of 12 previous attempts to pick a president and the move boosts hopes that Lebanon might finally be able to start addressing its dire economic woes.

Lebanon’s battered bonds have almost trebled in value since September when the regional conflict with Israel weakened Lebanese armed group Hezbollah, long viewed as an obstacle to overcoming the country’s political paralysis.

Most of Lebanon’s international bonds, which have been in default since 2020, rallied after Aoun’s victory was announced to stand between 0.8 and 0.9 cents higher on the day and at nearly 16 cents on the dollar.

They have also risen almost every day since late December, although they remain some of the lowest priced government bonds in the world, reflecting the scale of Lebanon’s difficulties.

With its economy still reeling from a devastating financial collapse in 2019, Lebanon is in dire need of international support to rebuild from the war, which the World Bank estimates to have cost the country $8.5 billion.